Skip to content

Case study, modelled

The connection that is years away

We have demand now and a connection date years out.

Modelled

A 500-rack, 36,000-accelerator deployment applies for 81 to 86 MW rather than 100 MW: 14 to 19 MW of contracted capacity never requested, modelled.

The same 500-rack GB300 NVL72 deployment is held fixed while its connection application shrinks from 100 MW to 86 MW on the conservative reading and 81 MW on the stated basis, modelled. In Great Britain that is about GBP 3m to GBP 10m of proposed connection commitment not posted. In Ireland it is about 16 to 22 MW of dispatchable generation never built.

Who it is for

A greenfield compute developer or operator holding its own electrical envelope, with a network operator as counterparty. The operator signs the connection application, and its change-control and security reviewer signs off the standing condition.

New builds and campuses

The basis

A modelled scenario

This is modelled. Every megawatt, rack count and pound here is arithmetic over declared inputs you can change. One number is ours, and it is measured: up to 21% less GPU die power on NVIDIA H100 NVL over 48 hours. Managed and baseline arms ran under an equal cap, read as NVML die power. NVML GPU die power is a lower bound on wall power.

The rack in this model is a Blackwell-generation part. Until a baseline run on it, the coefficient transfers to it as a modelled assumption. A three-week validation on your own fleet, on your own workload, makes the figure yours.

Key figures

Every figure, what kind of figure it is, and its basis.

One figure is measured. The derived figures come from the same run. Everything else is modelled on the inputs below.

  • GPU die power reduction

    measured

    Up to 21% less

    NVML GPU die power over one continuous 48-hour window, NVIDIA H100 NVL, six managed against a baseline arm under the same cap.

  • Tokens per watt

    derived

    Up to +22%

    NVML die power and vLLM serving throughput on the same 48-hour run, Balanced mode.

  • Throughput change in the run

    derived

    0%

    Same run, Balanced mode, large-language-model serving.

  • Reduction at the rack input, conservative reading

    modelled

    About 15%

    21% times the 72 per cent accelerator share, cascade factor one.

  • Reduction at the rack input, stated basis

    modelled

    21%

    The die figure carried to the rack input unchanged, at equal weight with the conservative reading.

  • Contracted ask with no reduction claimed

    modelled

    100 MW

    70 MW at the rack input plus 5,500 kW, times 1.20, times 1.10, rounded up to a whole megawatt.

  • Contracted ask, conservative reading

    modelled

    86 MW

    The same chain at about 15% less at the rack input; 14 MW never requested.

  • Contracted ask, stated basis

    modelled

    81 MW

    The same chain at 21% less at the rack input; 19 MW never requested.

  • Gap between readings against measurement uncertainty

    modelled

    5 MW against under half a megawatt

    The uncertainty on the coefficient moves the application by under half a megawatt, a factor of about seventeen.

  • Racks a 100 MW ask holds

    modelled

    501 without; 591 conservative; 635 stated basis

    70,258 kW at the rack input over the managed rack draw, whole racks. The other use of the same watts: more racks in the full 100 MW instead of a smaller application.

  • Accelerators a 100 MW ask holds

    modelled

    36,072 without; 42,552 conservative; 45,720 stated basis

    Racks times 72.

  • Commitment not posted, Great Britain, conservative reading

    modelled

    About GBP 3m to GBP 10m

    14 MW at the range proposed in the Ofgem Curate consultation of 29 July 2026.

  • Commitment not posted, Great Britain, stated basis

    modelled

    About GBP 5m to GBP 14m

    19 MW at the same proposed range.

  • Carry cost avoided, conservative reading

    modelled

    About GBP 1m to GBP 13m

    The commitment returns at energisation, so its cost is the carry, at the Ofgem cost-of-capital assumption across its 2029 to 2035 connection dates.

  • Forfeitable exposure removed, conservative reading

    modelled

    About GBP 3m to GBP 10m

    The over-ask is forfeitable on early exit; multiply by your own probability of early exit.

  • Dispatchable generation never built, Ireland

    modelled

    About 16 to 22 MW

    The EirGrid policy of 20 May 2026, about 1.16 MW of new dispatchable generation per MVA of import, at unity power factor. A lower bound.

  • Reserve to design in for a total software failure, conservative reading

    modelled

    About 14 MW

    Unreduced import of about 100 MW against an 86 MW contracted figure, covered at the site by a facility-level limit, a non-firm tranche for the difference, or an application sized partway.

  • Energy avoided a year, conservative reading

    modelled

    92,716 MWh at full duty; 37,086 MWh at a 40 per cent duty factor

    70 MW at the rack input over 8,760 hours, times the duty factor, times about 15%.

  • Electricity value a year, conservative reading

    modelled

    About GBP 19m at full duty; about GBP 8m at a 40 per cent duty factor

    DESNZ published non-domestic Extra Large band, Q1 2026, excluding the Climate Change Levy.

  • Rack draw basis

    modelled

    100, 110 and 134 MW unreduced; 86, 95 and 115 MW on the conservative reading

    Rack draw at 140, 155 and 192 kW. The chain takes 14, 15 and 19 MW off those bases, modelled; use the basis your application will be lodged on, and where the contracted figure is a plant rating the unreduced column applies.

  • Ten times the scale

    modelled

    5,000 racks apply for 857 MW conservative or 803 MW stated basis, against 997 MW

    Every ratio is scale-invariant because the runtime acts per accelerator. 140 MW never requested.

Declared inputs

What the arithmetic runs on.

Each input is stated with its basis. Change any of them and the figures above move with it.

  • Accelerators per rack

    72

    NVIDIA published GB300 NVL72 configuration.

  • Rack draw at the rack input, nominal

    140 kW

    OEM system specifications, published range 132 to 142 kW. Reader-supplied, and the provisioning basis is your choice.

  • Racks in the deployment

    500

    Reader-supplied and held fixed. Anchored on the hypothetical 100 MW data centre in the Ofgem consultation.

  • Accelerators in the deployment

    36,000

    500 racks of 72.

  • Non-rack IT load

    5,500 kW

    Reader-supplied: storage, networking, head nodes and management. The runtime does not address it.

  • Power usage effectiveness

    1.20

    Reader-supplied. The model has no default and will not compute without one.

  • Design margin on the application

    10 per cent

    Reader-supplied: your own planning convention.

  • Accelerator share of rack draw

    72 per cent

    Reader-supplied, from about 101 kW of accelerator dies in a 140 kW rack. The largest lever in the model.

  • Upstream cascade factor

    1, no credit

    Default. No credit for the physics argument that a watt not drawn at the die is not converted and not cooled.

  • Coefficient at the die

    21 per cent

    Measured on NVIDIA H100 NVL, 48 hours, NVML die power. Fixed, and no input may exceed it at any plane.

  • Duty factor for the energy line

    Full duty and 40 per cent

    Reader-supplied; both are shown. A measured mean draw per rack replaces it.

The working

The situation

You have demand now and a connection date years out, and the wait is published. The Ofgem Curate consultation of 29 July 2026 counts about 73 GW of data-centre demand in the Great Britain queue at June 2025. Half of it sits in the 100 to 500 MW band. Priority in the reformed queue goes by strategic designation and readiness; capital alone does not move you. Every connection regime rations contracted capacity, and none rewards consumption. A deployment that draws less asks for something different. A smaller application is cheaper to hold, smaller to underwrite and easier to satisfy at a milestone review.

The question before the arithmetic

A connection application is denominated in maximum import, and a sustained reduction is a reduction in the mean. One question about your site decides whether the arithmetic runs. Is your contracted figure set by a saturated coincident maximum, or by a diversified expected maximum below it? On the second, the chain runs on your inputs. On the first, the conversation starts with your day profile. The mechanism is duty-cycle intelligence on bursty fleets: most of the saving is idle-floor reduction, and most of the rest is clock-down at mid utilisation. A fleet bursty enough for the reduction to exist has a contracted figure below its saturated maximum.

Four links and two readings

Our coefficient is at the accelerator die, and your application is denominated at the grid connection. Four links sit between them: your accelerator share of rack draw, your non-rack load, your power usage effectiveness and your design margin. We supply only the first link's default, from a published rack specification. We set the upstream cascade factor to one, which gives our own physics argument no credit.

Two readings travel together everywhere on this page. The conservative reading applies the die figure to the accelerator share only: about 15% at the rack input, modelled. The stated basis carries the die figure across unchanged: 21% at the rack input, modelled. Power usage effectiveness scales both cases alike. Non-rack load sits unchanged in both and dilutes the ratio.

The arithmetic on 500 racks

The rack is the NVIDIA GB300 NVL72: 72 Blackwell Ultra accelerators and 36 Grace processors, liquid-cooled, at 140 kW nominal from OEM system specifications. The accelerators are about 72 per cent of that draw. Five hundred racks is 36,000 accelerators and 70 MW at the rack input. Add 5,500 kW of non-rack load, apply a power usage effectiveness of 1.20 and a 10 per cent design margin. The application rounds up to 100 MW, the regulator's own hypothetical data centre.

Run the same chain with the reduction and the application is 86 MW on the conservative reading and 81 MW on the stated basis, modelled. That is 14 to 19 MW of contracted capacity never requested. The gap between the readings is 5 MW. The measurement uncertainty on the coefficient moves the application by under half a megawatt, so it barely touches the 14 to 19 MW; your rack draw basis and accelerator share are the inputs to pin down. Held the other way, the same 100 MW carries 591 to 635 racks against 501, modelled. Take one use of the watts, never both.

What the smaller ask is worth

In Great Britain, the Ofgem Curate consultation of 29 July 2026 proposed a connection commitment, returned at energisation and forfeited on early exit. Every figure here is worked on that proposal as published. Against that proposal, 14 MW never requested is about GBP 3m to GBP 10m of commitment not posted, modelled. At 19 MW it is about GBP 5m to GBP 14m. Because the commitment returns, its cost is the carry: about GBP 1m to GBP 13m across the regulator's 2029 to 2035 connection dates, modelled. Scaled to the megawatts not requested on the conservative reading, the Ofgem estimate of 20 to 170 basis points of return on a hypothetical 100 MW data centre is about 3 to 24 basis points, modelled.

In Ireland, the EirGrid connection policy of 20 May 2026 requires new dispatchable generation or storage matched to a data centre's maximum import, about 1.16 MW per MVA. At unity power factor, a lower bound, the smaller ask is about 16 to 22 MW of generation never built, modelled. You supply the installed cost per megawatt.

The channel that outweighs both is the connection date: whatever your compute plausibly sells for, energising earlier is worth one to two orders of magnitude more than the commitment. No jurisdiction publishes a link from application size to date, so the smaller application stands on what it is: cheaper to hold, smaller to underwrite and easier to satisfy at a milestone review.

The standing condition

ADAPT is per-GPU software, driver-adjacent. A site connected at 86 MW on its strength has made continued operation a standing condition of the configuration. The runtime is designed to fail open to full performance on any component fault, which protects the workload and returns the site to full draw. On the conservative reading a total software failure exposes about 14 MW against the 86 MW contracted, modelled.

The reserve lives at the site, in three shapes, and never in the 5 MW gap between the two readings. The first is a facility-level limit the runtime cannot fail out of, the one shape that supports the full modelled reduction. The second is a firm connection at the reduced figure with the difference carried as non-firm, a shape whose setpoint the network issues. The third is an application sized partway, where value and exposure grow together.

The energy line and the tokens

Alongside the smaller application, the conservative reduction avoids 37,086 MWh a year at a 40 per cent duty factor and 92,716 MWh at full duty: about GBP 8m to GBP 19m at the DESNZ published non-domestic Extra Large band for Q1 2026, modelled. Site token output is unchanged, because the rack count is fixed. Per accelerator the runtime holds throughput while cutting power: up to +22% tokens per watt, derived, with 0% throughput change in the run. The tokens stay the same and the power you procure falls.

What would change it

What moves the result, and how to check it on your own fleet.

The accelerator share of rack draw is the largest lever in the chain, and the provisioning basis you apply on is larger still. Run the same chain on a 155 kW peak or the 192 kW OEM busway figure and the application moves by 34 MW. The gap between our two readings is about 5 MW. Both are your fields. Check them with a baseline run on your own silicon and workload. The window must contain your site's coincident maximum, so it returns the worst-hour bound an application needs. Then show the arithmetic to your network operator's connections engineer before it reaches an application. No jurisdiction has yet published whether a contracted figure may be sized against a software control, and that one meeting settles it for your site.

Your own numbers

The same arithmetic, on your site.

Bring your connection date, the rack draw basis your application will use and the accelerator share of your rack. We will run this chain on your envelope and plan the three-week validation around your coincident maximum.